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<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/kevinbaldwin/">kevin_baldwin</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinbaldwin/55561810854/" title="Dover Castle, the Roman Lighthouse (Pharos) and St. Marys Church, seen from the seafront in Dover Harbour, Kent, England"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55561810854_a0becf7d8f_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Dover Castle, the Roman Lighthouse (Pharos) and St. Marys Church, seen from the seafront in Dover Harbour, Kent, England" /></a></p> <p>And thanks to Gemini AI, which of course can make mistakes, here's some interesting history.<br /> <br /> Known as the &quot;Key to England&quot; due to its strategic position overlooking the narrowest crossing of the English Channel, Dover Castle has a history spanning over two millennia: <br /> <br /> Ancient &amp; Anglo-Saxon Foundations (1st to 11th Century): <br /> Long before the medieval castle was erected, the site served as an Iron Age hillfort. In the early 2nd century, the Romans built an octagonal lighthouse (pharos) on the hill—one of the best-preserved Roman structures in Britain. Around AD 1000, the Saxons built the church of St Mary in Castro alongside it, using the Roman lighthouse as its bell tower. <br /> <br /> Norman Conquest (1066): <br /> Following his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror marched to Dover to secure the vital port, adding initial timber-and-earthwork fortifications to the site.<br /> <br /> The Plantagenet Transformation (1180s):<br /> King Henry II completely transformed Dover into a massive stone fortress. Designed by Maurice the Engineer, the Great Tower (keep) and double circuit of curtain walls were constructed at immense expense—partly as a royal palace and partly to impress foreign dignitaries visiting the shrine of Thomas Becket in nearby Canterbury.<br /> <br /> The Great Siege (1216):<br /> During the First Barons' War, Prince Louis of France invaded England and besieged Dover Castle. Despite the French mining beneath the northern gatehouse, the garrison held out under Hubert de Burgh, forcing the French to retreat. This prompted major upgrades, including the construction of the formidable Constable's Gate.<br /> <br /> Napoleonic Era Tunnels:<br /> During the late 18th century, as the threat of invasion by Napoleon Bonaparte grew, military engineers excavated deep underground tunnels inside the White Cliffs directly beneath the castle to accommodate thousands of soldiers and artillery batteries.<br /> <br /> World War II &amp; Dunkirk (1939–1945):<br /> The castle played a pivotal role in 20th-century history. Its subterranean tunnels were expanded to serve as a secret naval headquarters and underground hospital. It was from these tunnels that Vice-Admiral Bertram Ramsay directed Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of over 330,000 Allied troops from Dunkirk in 1940.<br /> <br /> Modern Era: <br /> The tunnels were maintained as a regional government nuclear shelter during the early Cold War. Today, Dover Castle is managed by English Heritage as a major historic monument open to the public.<br /> <br /> [IMG_4805}</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55533892376/" title="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55533892376_78981a62e5_m.jpg" width="154" height="240" alt="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/j_image_s/">jwa15</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_image_s/55529631137/" title="DovercastleMalienkolder-0058"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55529631137_8bd0240173_m.jpg" width="160" height="240" alt="DovercastleMalienkolder-0058" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/j_image_s/">jwa15</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_image_s/55530805604/" title="PanoDoverCastle-"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55530805604_5945f70cd4_m.jpg" width="240" height="102" alt="PanoDoverCastle-" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/j_image_s/">jwa15</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_image_s/55530763663/" title="BleriotRia-0073"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55530763663_967a25f1c3_m.jpg" width="240" height="240" alt="BleriotRia-0073" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/j_image_s/">jwa15</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_image_s/55529632477/" title="BleriotRia-0071"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55529632477_c1c71e30b3_m.jpg" width="240" height="240" alt="BleriotRia-0071" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/j_image_s/">jwa15</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_image_s/55531044075/" title="BleriotRia-0072"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55531044075_bf94931e3c_m.jpg" width="240" height="240" alt="BleriotRia-0072" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/j_image_s/">jwa15</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/j_image_s/55530760358/" title="Bleriotmonument-0075"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55530760358_0e069779a1_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="Bleriotmonument-0075" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55526530491/" title="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55526530491_0607a936cb_m.jpg" width="240" height="161" alt="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55525826668/" title="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55525826668_45f86b965c_m.jpg" width="160" height="240" alt="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55522765069/" title="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55522765069_007571b51d_m.jpg" width="160" height="240" alt="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55518753424/" title="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55518753424_bf6401c5dd_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55518542361/" title="A View of St Mary in Castro, from Dover Castle 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55518542361_e137ca64b6_m.jpg" width="240" height="135" alt="A View of St Mary in Castro, from Dover Castle 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55518616094/" title="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55518616094_27ab683224_m.jpg" width="160" height="240" alt="St Mary in Castro, Dover 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>St Mary sub Castro (i. e. &quot;St Mary below the Castle&quot;), or St Mary de Castro, or St Mary in Castro (&quot;St Mary in the Castle&quot;), is a church in the grounds of Dover Castle, Kent, south-east England. It is a heavily restored Anglo-Saxon structure, built next to a Roman lighthouse which became the church bell-tower. St Mary serves the local population and the army and is the church of the Dover Garrison.<br /> <br /> The 28-feet-high arches at the east and west ends of the crossing appear to be original, and their west faces are outlined by strip work of projecting tiles. A tall round-headed, stone-faced doorway (now blocked and with not much left of its original stripwork outline, but with its typically Anglo-Saxon alternating horizontal and vertical slabs) gave access to the nave from the south. Unusual double splayed round-headed windows pierce the nave's north and south walls, and Scott (who found them during his restoration) suggested there were another pair near the west end of the nave's side walls. He saw this pair of windows, and putlog holes in the walls for supporting timbers, as evidence for a west gallery, for which space needed to be left between that pair of windows and the west wall.<br /> <br /> The church is a Grade I listed building.<br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/23522083@N03/">Patrick Cray</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23522083@N03/55516768599/" title="View from Dover Castle 31.08.26"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55516768599_cce19c81b4_m.jpg" width="240" height="167" alt="View from Dover Castle 31.08.26" /></a></p> <p>Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England and is Grade I listed. It was founded in the 11th century and has been described as the &quot;Key to England&quot; because of its defensive significance throughout history. Some sources say it is the largest castle in England, a title also claimed by Windsor Castle. <br /> <br /> Wikipedia</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/steven_steb_beard/">Steven Steb Beard</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/steven_steb_beard/55505714478/" title="Key to England"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55505714478_eff9066286_m.jpg" width="240" height="153" alt="Key to England" /></a></p> <p>Dover Castle<br /> <br /> L1004876</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/55734903@N08/">Lofty1965</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/55734903@N08/55500233595/" title="_95A4000_edited-1"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55500233595_7a0e12d54b_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="_95A4000_edited-1" /></a></p> <p>Dover Castle</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/55734903@N08/">Lofty1965</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/55734903@N08/55498849887/" title="_95A4004_edited-1"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55498849887_67d90d87ce_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="_95A4004_edited-1" /></a></p> <p>Dover Castle</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/55734903@N08/">Lofty1965</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/55734903@N08/55499945878/" title="_95A4020_edited-2"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55499945878_85a34eb557_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="_95A4020_edited-2" /></a></p> <p>Switchboard in the fire command post at Dover Castle</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/55734903@N08/">Lofty1965</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/55734903@N08/55500233235/" title="_95A4023_edited-1"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55500233235_0d266c53a1_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="_95A4023_edited-1" /></a></p> <p>Dover Castle</p>

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