Travel-marlis-lublin-bridge

Marlis Hazleton touring Lublin- Poland. Taken in Fall 2001.
Marlis Hazleton touring Lublin- Poland. Taken in Fall 2001. Marlis and Lesley in Lublin, Poland.

Lublin Old Town is one of the most precious Polish complexes of historic buildings. The Crown Tribunal and the 14th-century Kraków Gate leading from the Old Town to the city center are commonly considered symbols of the city. The gate is built in a gothic style and has some baroque elements added in the 18th century.

The district is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments .


Recent Uploads tagged travel

			<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/159206940@N03/">Feray Umut</a> posted a photo:</p>
	
<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/159206940@N03/55105334645/" title="The walls surrounding Ani"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55105334645_0f89fc590c_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The walls surrounding Ani" /></a></p>

<p>The ruins date back hundreds of years, from the Bagratuni Armenians to the Byzantines, from the Seljuks to the Georgians and the Ottomans.</p>
			<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/36844288@N00/">mikeyashworth</a> posted a photo:</p>
	
<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/36844288@N00/55105176188/" title="Weekly Holiday Season Tickets : Scotland : publicity leaflet No. 25 : London &amp; North Eastern Railway : Season 1939 : specimen pages"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55105176188_3543a7b22b_m.jpg" width="240" height="188" alt="Weekly Holiday Season Tickets : Scotland : publicity leaflet No. 25 : London &amp; North Eastern Railway : Season 1939 : specimen pages" /></a></p>

<p>For many years the various main line railways offered holiday season - or 'runabout' tickets for holidaymakers in specific areas and including specified lines. The LNER issued a number of brochures giving details of the Weekly Holiday Season Ticket availabilty for various regions covered by their services. <br />
<br />
Usually printed by photogravure, using photography, and a cover with a very bold layout including bands of the LNER's standard Gill Sans typeface the brochures give a relatively stylish appearance at relatively low cost, on cheap paper, for something intended to be so ephemeral. The inside folds give details as to the various sub-area tickets available, with a sketch map of the lines covered, along with fares and restrictions.<br />
<br />
Those for Scotland numbered around 20 if you count the Clyde Coast Steamers ticket that was issued jointly with the LMSR. This folding brochure gives details of the areas with maps and images of major attractions.<br />
<br />
The 8/- headline is very much a headline! Only one area gives such a bargain (11/9d for First Class) and that is the Boat of Garten to Elgin and Loossiemouth and Spey Bay. The others range between 10/6d up to 26/3d, the latter for the Glasgow and Clyde Coast including rail and steamer services. The tickets were issued from 1 April until 31 October 1938 with separate rates for children, dogs and bicycles. The validity was for seven days from the day of issue.</p>
			<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/elgrecotravelphotography/">El Greco Travelphotography</a> posted a photo:</p>
	
<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/elgrecotravelphotography/55104912856/" title="Werratal See 🇩🇪"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55104912856_3d935e16b4_m.jpg" width="240" height="135" alt="Werratal See 🇩🇪" /></a></p>


			<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/133876835@N08/">Michael.Kemper</a> posted a photo:</p>
	
<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/133876835@N08/55105165854/" title="Italy / Lombardy - Lake Como"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55105165854_ca5769e830_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="Italy / Lombardy - Lake Como" /></a></p>

<p>Italien / Lombardei - Lago di Como<br />
<br />
Varenna - Villa Monastero<br />
<br />
Lake Como (Italian: Lago di Como [ˈlaːɡo di ˈkɔːmo], locally [ˈkoːmo]; Western Lombard: Lagh de Còmm [ˈlɑː‿dːe ˈkɔm],[a] Cómm [ˈkom] or Cùmm [ˈkum]), also known as Lario (Italian: [ˈlaːrjo]; after the Latin: Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy.<br />
<br />
It has an area of 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi), making it the third-largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. At over 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep, it is the fifth deepest lake in Europe and the deepest outside Norway; the bottom of the lake is 227 metres (745 ft) below sea level. One notable characteristic is its distinctive &quot;Y&quot; shape.<br />
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Lake Como has been a popular retreat for aristocrats and wealthy people since Roman times, and a very popular tourist attraction with many artistic and cultural gems. It has many villas and palaces such as Villa Olmo, Villa Serbelloni, and Villa Carlotta. Many famous people have owned homes on the shores of Lake Como, including George Clooney, Madonna, and Donatella Versace.<br />
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In 2014, The Huffington Post described it as the most beautiful lake in the world for its microclimate and environment with prestigious villas and villages.<br />
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Etymology<br />
<br />
The lake's official name is Lario (derived from the Latin Larius), but it is rarely used informally, while it is still used in formal language; it is also found in the toponym of some villages along the lake such as Pognana Lario and Mandello del Lario; Italians usually call it Lago di Como.<br />
<br />
Geography<br />
<br />
The lake is shaped much like an inverted letter &quot;Y&quot;. The northern branch begins at the town of Colico, while the towns of Como and Lecco sit at the ends of the southwestern and southeastern branches respectively. The small towns of Bellagio, Menaggio and Varenna are situated at the intersection of the three branches of the lake: a boat service operates a triangular route between them.<br />
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Lake Como is fed primarily by the Adda, which enters the lake near Colico and flows out at Lecco. This geological conformation makes the southwestern branch a dead end, and so Como, unlike Lecco, is sometimes flooded.<br />
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The mountainous pre-alpine territory between the two southern arms of the lake (between Como, Bellagio, and Lecco) is known as the Larian Triangle, or Triangolo lariano. The source of the river Lambro is here. At the centre of the triangle, the town of Canzo is the seat of the Comunità Montana del Triangolo lariano, an association of the 31 municipalities that represent the 71,000 inhabitants of the area.<br />
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History<br />
<br />
At the beginning of the first millennium B.C. during the Iron Age, the Comum oppidum was born and the civilization of Como developed, inserted in the broader Golasecca culture. In 196 B.C. the army of the consul Claudius Marcellus defeats the Celts tribe of the Comenses and conquered the city. Comum was then strengthened and rebuilt after a raid by Rhaetian and repopulated with 3,000 settlers in 77 BC. Finally, after having reclaimed the marshy area, in 59 B.C. it was re-founded with the name of Novum Comun in its current location on the lake shore at the behest of Gaius Julius Caesar. Pliny the Younger, in one of his Epistulae, describes the lake and its surrounding area as providing plentiful opportunities for fishing and hunting. According to the Notitia Dignitatum, at least since the 4th century, a Praefectus commanding a Roman military fleet was present on the lake.<br />
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During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the waters of the lake were the scene of military clashes, such as in the 12th century during the war of Milan against Como, which saw the Como fleet in action against the ships of the Milanese and their allies or between 1525 and 1532 due to the Musso war unleashed by Gian Giacomo Medici.<br />
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On 28 April 1945, deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was executed in the lakeside village of Giulino, about 180 metres (590 ft) from the waterfront.<br />
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Tourism<br />
<br />
As a tourist destination, Lake Como is popular for its landscapes, wildlife, and spas. It is a venue for sailing, windsurfing, and kitesurfing.<br />
<br />
Although generally considered safe, bathers aiming to find relief from the heat and swimming enthusiasts alike should exercise caution, as a prevailing regulation prohibits diving and swimming both in the city of Como and in the various small villages along the lake. Exceptions are found only in privately managed lidos or designated public beaches where explicit signage permits swimming activities. This prohibition stems from the danger posed by the lake's waters that swiftly transition from shallow to deep near the shoreline and from unpredictable aquatic conditions, which have led to numerous incidents, including drowning cases attributed to sudden thermal shock.<br />
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Transportation<br />
<br />
Lake Como is served by a public transport system connecting the various villages on the lake. A motorized service began in 1826 when a steamship with sails, the Lario, was launched by the newly established Società privilegiata per l'impresa dei battelli a vapore nel Regno Lombardo Veneto. Since 1952 the fleet has been managed by a government organisation named Gestione Commissariale Governativa and later Gestione Governativa Navigazione Laghi, which is also responsible for transport services on Lake Maggiore and Lake Garda.<br />
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There exist three primary services:<br />
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Motorship services along the western branch and north towards Colico and back to Como, with additional shuttles to the mid-lake area;<br />
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Fast services that broadly follow the same route but with fewer stops; the service, which is more expensive, is operated by hydrofoils;<br />
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Ferries able to carry passengers and cars across the popular tourist destinations Menaggio, Bellagio,Varenna and Cadenabbia.<br />
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Economy<br />
<br />
Lake Como attracts visitors from around the world and as a consequence the economy of the towns surrounding Lake Como is predominantly dependent on tourism and related activities. The tourism sector stimulates local businesses, including hospitality, restaurants and retail, while also fostering the growth of ancillary services such as transportation, cultural tours and recreational activities. This reliance on tourism has led to significant investments in infrastructure and amenities to accommodate and enhance the visitor experience, making it a vital component of the regional economy.<br />
<br />
In literature and the arts<br />
<br />
Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem The Lake of Como was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, in 1837. It illustrates a painting by Samuel Prout, engraved by William Miller.<br />
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In 1818 Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote to Thomas Love Peacock: &quot;This lake exceeds anything I ever beheld in beauty, except the arbutus islands of Killarney. It is long and narrow, and has the appearance of a mighty river winding among the mountains and the forests.&quot;<br />
<br />
(Wikipedia)<br />
<br />
Villa Monastero is located in Varenna, Province of Lecco, on the shore of Lake Como. It includes a botanical garden, a museum, and a convention center, contains precious architecture, period furniture, works of art and a beautiful park that extends to Fiumelatte (river) with paths overlooking the lake, tall cypresses and many species of exotic plants.<br />
<br />
Geograpghy<br />
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The villa lies south of the village, halfway between Varenna and Fiumelatte, overlooking the banks of the Lario.<br />
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History<br />
<br />
Villa Monastero is an eclectic villa built in the Nordic style.<br />
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The site was originally a Cistercian convent, founded at the end of the 12th century in Varenna, which now lies beneath the modern building. The convent grew in importance and wealth, purchasing many properties, especially around Lierna, but eventually declined to only six mothers, and was closed by papal bull in 1567.<br />
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The whole estate was purchased by Paolo Mornico in 1569, using his fortune amassed through iron mining in Valsassinia, who transformed it into a prestigious residence. In the 17th century the Mornico family incrementally rebuilt and decorated it in the eclectic style.<br />
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Walter Kees of Leipzig bought the villa in the 1890s, and between 1897 and 1909 carried out modifications which give its current Eclectic style. Some of the architects involved include Emilio Alemagna, Achille Majnoni, and Enrico Citterio, the construction itself was overseen by G. Bertarini of Varenna. Restoration occurred during the second half of the nineteenth century by Carolina Maumary, sister-in-law of the then president of the council Massimo D'Azeglio.  The final phase of construction expanded the garden, with the cooperation of Enrico Achler of Menaggio.<br />
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In 1936 the Milanese De Marchi family, originally from Switzerland, donated the villa to the public and it became a museum. In 1940 the gardens were opened to the public.<br />
<br />
In 1953 the conference center was created. Nobel Laureates, among them Enrico Fermi, have been meeting for international courses in physics. It has been hosting summer courses for the &quot;Enrico Fermi&quot; International School of Physics, and as of 2013 had heard lectures by more than thirty-four Nobel Laureates.<br />
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In the 1970s, the compound was taken over by the National Research Council, and managed by the Province of Como.<br />
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In 1996, as new province boundaries were established, management passed to the Province of Lecco and the museum house founded. In 2009 the entire complex was acquired by the Province of Lecco.<br />
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Museum house<br />
<br />
A museum house was set up within Villa Monastero, and opened to the public in 2003. It was officially recognized by Lombardy in 2005. The monumental part of the house was already completed by 1996, with 14 rooms featuring original decorations and furniture from its various owners. The museum house has been visited by more than 40,000 guests. The museum house also contains a collection of optical, electronic, and mechanical instruments originally belonging to Giovanni Polvani.<br />
<br />
(Wikipedia)<br />
<br />
Der Comer See (Schweizer Schreibweise Comersee, italienisch Lago di Como oder Lario, lombardisch Lagh de Comm; lateinisch Lacus Larius) ist einer der oberitalienischen Seen. Er liegt vollständig in der Region Lombardei.<br />
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Charakteristisch sind die zahlreichen am Ufer liegenden kleinen Dörfer, von denen viele ihren eigenen Charakter bis heute erhalten haben. Viele der Villen (u. a. Villa Carlotta, Villa d’Este) stammen aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, als die Bewohner der Region durch die Seidenraupenzucht und die dadurch entstandene Seidenindustrie zu Reichtum gelangten. Während der Zeit Napoleons erbaute der Vizepräsident der italienischen Republik (1802–1805) Francesco Melzi d’Eril die Villa Melzi.<br />
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Durch das mediterrane Klima gedeihen viele subtropische Pflanzen wie z. B. Palmen, Zitrusfrüchte, Zypressen und Olivenbäume.<br />
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Geografie<br />
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Der Comer See, von den Einheimischen auch Lario genannt, ist 146 km² groß, 51 km lang und maximal 4,2 km breit. Damit ist er nach dem Gardasee und dem Lago Maggiore, gemessen an der Wasserfläche, der drittgrößte See Italiens. Mit einer durch seine charakteristische Form bedingten Uferlinie von 170 km übertrifft er die beiden vorgenannten Seen in diesem Punkt. Seine maximale Tiefe – vor Nesso – beträgt 425 m; damit ist er der tiefste See Europas außerhalb Norwegens.<br />
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Der Comer See wird von der Adda durchflossen. Er liegt in einem Zungenbecken des ehemaligen Addagletschers, das sich vor der Alta Brianza in die Arme von Como und Lecco teilt, und hat so die Form eines (umgekehrten) Y. Die Adda mündet bei Colico in den nördlichen Teil des Sees und verlässt ihn bei Lecco; der südwestliche Arm, an dem Como liegt, hat keinen anderen Abfluss.<br />
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Die einzige Insel im Comer See ist die etwa 7,5 ha große Isola Comacina. Sie war bereits in der Antike besiedelt, nach Zerstörung der Siedlungen im 12. Jahrhundert durch Truppen Comos aber lange unbewohnt.<br />
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Tourismus<br />
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Der Comer See ist ein Touristenziel mit zahlreichen Kurorten, Parks und Golfplätzen. Auf seiner Westseite liegt der Sacro Monte di Ossuccio, der 2003 in die Liste der Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO aufgenommen wurde. Die umliegenden Berge bieten Wander- und Klettermöglichkeiten. Durch das milde Klima gibt es eine reiche Vegetation. Jährlich im Frühjahr findet das Oldtimerevent Concorso d’Eleganza Villa d’Este statt.<br />
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Prominente wie George Clooney besitzen ein Feriendomizil am Comer See. Dieser dient immer wieder als Filmkulisse, beispielsweise wurde hier für Star Wars: Episode II, Casino Royale oder Ocean’s 12 gedreht.<br />
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Der deutsche Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) verbrachte dort auf seinem Anwesen in Cadenabbia viel Zeit. Nach der Niederlegung seines Amtes, kurz vor seinem Tod, schrieb er dort einen großen Teil seiner Memoiren. Die 1899 erbaute Villa La Collina mit ihrem Park wird seit 1977 als internationale Tagungsstätte von der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung genutzt.<br />
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Schifffahrt<br />
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Täglich fahren mehrere Boote zwischen Como und Colico, des Weiteren gibt es verschiedene Routen zwischen Como und Lecco oder Menaggio und Como bzw. Lecco. Es existiert eine Fährverbindung zwischen Lierna, Varenna, Menaggio und Bellagio.<br />
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Wassersport<br />
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Zwischen Bellagio und Colico herrscht ein reges Treiben von Wassersportlern, da dort zuverlässige Windverhältnisse herrschen.<br />
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Laut Berichten aus dem Jahr 2010 lässt die Wasserqualität an gewissen Stellen (durch fehlende Kläranlagen) zu wünschen übrig.<br />
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Windverhältnisse<br />
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Außer im Winter weht im oberen Teil des Comer Sees praktisch täglich ein thermischer Wind, die Breva. Am Morgen beginnt der Wind etwa ab 10 Uhr mit 1 bis 3 Bft und frischt am Nachmittag auf 3 bis 6 Bft auf. Juni bis September sind die besten Monate zum Wind- und Kitesurfen. Im Oktober lässt die Breva nach, um dann bis Anfang Februar ganz einzuschlafen.<br />
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Der Südwind Breva hat seinen Gegenpart im nördlichen Fallwind Tivano, der bei großem Luftdruckunterschied zwischen der nördlichen und der südlichen Seite der Alpen entsteht. Der Tivano weht bereits am frühen Morgen und ist oft stärker als die Breva, am stärksten in der Region von Lecco. Im Süden des Sees, im Larian-Dreieck, dem Gebiet zwischen den beiden Seearmen, bietet auch er gute Voraussetzungen zum Wind- und Kitesurfen.<br />
<br />
(Wikipedia)</p>
			<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/gabrielbermejo/">Gabriel Bermejo Muñoz</a> posted a photo:</p>
	
<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/gabrielbermejo/55105079778/" title="Elefantes en el fuerte Amber - Jaipur"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55105079778_c22ae2352a_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="Elefantes en el fuerte Amber - Jaipur" /></a></p>

<p>Un grupo de elefantes adornados se prepara para subir por los senderos empedrados del Fuerte Amber en Jaipur. Esta tradición evoca la opulencia de la era Rajput, cuando la realeza ascendía a la fortaleza de arenisca roja y mármol blanco de la misma manera.</p>
			<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/people/133876835@N08/">Michael.Kemper</a> posted a photo:</p>
	
<p><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/133876835@N08/55105277495/" title="France / Provence - Gorges du Verdon"><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/55105277495_6f35b37ae2_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="France / Provence - Gorges du Verdon" /></a></p>

<p>Frankreich / Provence - Gorges du Verdon<br />
<br />
The Verdon Gorge (French: Gorges du Verdon Occitan: Gòrja de Verdon) is a river canyon located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is about 25 km (15.5 mi) long and up to 700 metres (0.4 mi) deep. It was formed by the Verdon River, which is named for its turquoise-green colour, one of the location's distinguishing characteristics. In between the towns of Castellane and Moustiers-Sainte-Marie, the river has cut a ravine to a depth of 700 meters through the limestone mass. At the end of the canyon, the Verdon flows into the artificial Lake of Sainte-Croix.<br />
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The gorge is very popular with tourists, who can drive around its rim, rent kayaks to travel on the river, or hike. The limestone walls, which are several hundreds of metres high, attract many rock climbers. It is considered an outstanding destination for multi-pitch climbing, with 1,500 routes available ranging from 20 metres (65 feet) to over 400 metres (1,300 feet).<br />
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History<br />
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During the Triassic period, the Provence subsided and was covered by the sea, leaving thick layers of various limestone deposits. Several million years later, with the arrival of the Jurassic period, the area was covered by a warm shallow sea, which allowed the growth of various corals. The Cretaceous period saw what is now Basse Provence being raised and the sea reaching the current location of the Alps, which were themselves erected during the tertiary era. As a result of the large-scale geological activity, many of the Jurassic limestone deposits fractured, forming relief with valleys and other such features. The origins of the Verdon Gorge can be traced to this era.<br />
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The dawn of the Quaternary period had large-scale glaciation, transforming water pockets and lakes into rivers of ice, which remodeled the topography, scouring and striating the landscape. At the end of this activity, erosion by rivers continued, forming the Gorge as it is today. The Verdon's riverbed was scoured for a second time of the accumulated coral and limestone sediments, by a water delivery rate nearing 2000 to 3000 cubic metres per second.<br />
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Discovery<br />
<br />
The gorge was described in printed form from 1782 and 1804. By the second half of the 19th century, it was featured in French tourist guides. According to Graham Robb's book The Discovery of France, the gorge did not become known outside France until 1906.<br />
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Recent developments<br />
<br />
On 10 July 2006, the Council of State annulled the declaration of public use of a project by EDF relating to a proposed high-voltage line which would have had to pass through the Verdon Gorge. This decision ended 23 years of struggle by public groups and associations of environmental defence to preserve a site of exceptional natural interest, of which a part contains protected animal and plant species.<br />
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During the 2022 European drought, the water levels in the river were very low and dried up completely in some parts.<br />
<br />
Geography<br />
<br />
The source of the Verdon is close to the col d'Allos hill in the Trois Eveches mountain range, whence it continues, flowing into the Durance river near Vinon-sur-Verdon after traveling 175 kilometres. Between Castellane and the Galetas bridge, the river passes through the lake of Sainte-Croix, created by the construction of a dam of the same name. Before the dam was constructed, the village of Les Salles-sur-Verdon occupied the river plain. To create the reservoir, the village was destroyed in 1973. Les Salles-sur-Verdon was reconstructed as a more modern settlement higher up the valley. Today, it is the youngest village in France.<br />
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For some distance the Verdon Gorge forms the border between the départements of Var to the south and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence to the north in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur région.<br />
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This region between Castellane and the Lac de Sainte-Croix is called the Gorges du Verdon, or Verdon Gorge. It is split into three distinct parts:<br />
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&quot;Prégorges&quot; ('pre-gorge'), from Castellane to Pont de Soleils,<br />
the deepest part of the Gorge, from Pont de Soleils to l'Imbut, and<br />
the Canyon from l’Imbut to the Pont du Galetas.<br />
<br />
The Verdon Gorge is narrow and deep, with depths of 250 to 700 metres and widths of 6 to 100 metres at the level of the Verdon river. It is 200 to 1500 metres wide from one side of the Gorge to the other at the summits. The Gorge has been compared to the Grand Canyon in the United States.<br />
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Hydro-electric dams<br />
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Between 1929 and 1975, five dams were erected on the course of the Verdon, between Castellane and Gréoux-les-Bains. These dams hold back water in the following reservoirs:<br />
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Lac de Castillon, which was created by flooding the village of the same name<br />
Lac de Sainte-Croix, flooded the village of des Salles-sur-Verdon.<br />
Lac d'Esparron-Gréoux, known locally as &quot;lac d’Esparron&quot;.<br />
Reservoir at Chaudanne<br />
Reservoir at Quinson, sometimes improperly called the &quot;lac de Montpezat&quot;, the name of the village over which it dominates.<br />
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Notable features<br />
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The Styx du Verdon, associated with the river Styx of Greek mythology, is an area of sub-canyon within the gorge.<br />
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The Imbut, also known as Embut or Embucq, is an area where the Verdon disappears underground, beneath enormous rock structures, before re-emerging above ground.<br />
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Tourism<br />
<br />
The Verdon Gorge attracts numerous tourists, especially during the summer period. The river's turquoise colour is associated with glacial sources and the minerals of rock flour suspended in the water.<br />
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It is easily accessible on its right bank from the north (via route D952 from Castellane to Moustiers-Sainte-Marie), and on its left bank from the south (via routes D71, D90 and D955 from Aiguines to Castellane).<br />
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Sport<br />
<br />
The Verdon Gorge attracts many rock climbers for its more than 1,500 climbing routes on good limestone rock.<br />
The Verdon and its Gorge are also a favoured destination for fishermen, particularly for fly fishing.<br />
Hiking, canoeing, paragliding, rafting, climbing and canyoning are some of the sports practised in the region.<br />
<br />
Hiking and scenic walks<br />
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The most common hikes in the gorge include:<br />
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Le sentier (pathway) de Martel<br />
Le sentier de l'Imbut<br />
Le sentier du Bastidon<br />
Le belvédère de Rancoumas par le pont de Tusset (the Rancoumas panoramic viewpoint near the Tusset Bridge)<br />
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The Sentier Martel, was laid out in 1928 by the Touring Club de France.[citation needed] It was named in 1930 to honor the explorer Édouard-Alfred Martel (1859–1938). Martel had visited the Verdon in 1905 as an employee of the Southeast Electricity Company, carrying out precise geological surveys of the river. On 11 August, he and his team (explorer Armand Janet, schoolmaster Isidore Blanc, geographer Cuvelier, plaus Baptistin Flory, Fernand Honorat, Prosper Marcel, and Tessier Zurcher) began an expedition of the region. Their successful arrival at the Pas de Galetas marked the completion of the first expedition of the Verdon Canyon.<br />
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Other expeditions to the Verdon included Martel's team the following year; followed by Robert de Joly, who in 1928 was the first to completely cross the Verdon Gorge.<br />
<br />
(Wikipedia)<br />
<br />
Die Verdonschlucht, französisch Gorges du Verdon, umgangssprachlich auch Grand Canyon du Verdon, ist eine Schlucht in der französischen Provence, Département Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. Sie beginnt flussabwärts nach der Stadt Castellane und endet nahe Moustiers-Sainte-Marie im Stausee Lac de Sainte-Croix. Durch den etwa 21 km langen und bis zu 700 Meter tiefen Canyon fließt der türkisfarbene Fluss Verdon. Die Gorges du Verdon sind neben der Tara-Schlucht einer der größten Canyons Europas und Hauptbestandteil des nach ihm benannten Regionalen Naturparks Verdon.<br />
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Geographische Lage<br />
<br />
Der Verdon entspringt in der Nähe des Col d’Allos im Bergland Trois Évêchés und mündet nach etwa 175 km in der Nähe von Vinon-sur-Verdon in die Durance. Das interessanteste Stück seines Laufes befindet sich zwischen Castellane und der Galetas-Brücke kurz vor dem Lac de Sainte-Croix. Die Schlucht von Verdon definiert über weite Strecken die Grenze zwischen den Départements Var im Süden und Alpes-de-Haute-Provence im Norden. Das Gebiet ist in drei Teilabschnitte gegliedert:<br />
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Die „Prégorges“ zwischen Castellane und der Brücke bei Soleils<br />
Die Schlucht zwischen der Brücke und l’Imbut<br />
Der Canyon zwischen l’Imbut und der Brücke von Galetas<br />
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Die Schlucht ist am Grund zwischen 6 und 100 m breit, die gegenüberliegenden Flanken sind zwischen 200 und 1500 m voneinander entfernt und die Tiefe variiert zwischen 250 und 700 m.<br />
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Entstehung<br />
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In der Trias-Zeit senkte sich die Provence ab und wurde vom Meer bedeckt. In der Folge lagerten sich am Grund verschiedene Schichten von Kalk (abgestorbene Muscheln u. ä.) ab. Im Jura wurde die Provence erneut von einem warmen, wenig tiefen Meer überflutet, was die Entstehung mächtiger Korallenbänke begünstigte.<br />
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In der Kreidezeit hob sich die Provence, und das Meer zog sich in den Bereich der heutigen Alpen zurück. Erst im Tertiär wurden die Alpen aufgefaltet. Die in der Folge zerbrechenden Kalkmassive aus der Jurazeit bestimmten das Relief und die Täler. In dieser Zeit suchte sich auch der Verdon sein Bett.<br />
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Im Quartär überformten die eiszeitlichen Gletscher die Landschaft. Am Ende der Vereisung nehmen die Flüsse ihre Erosionstätigkeit wieder auf. Bedingt durch die Eisschmelze waren die Wassermengen gewaltig: bis zu 3000 m³/s. Diese Mengen ermöglichten die tiefen Einschnitte im weichen Gestein.<br />
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Jüngere Geschichte<br />
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Auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Stausees, der durch den Bau des Sainte-Croix-Staudamms entstand, befand sich vor 1973 die Ortschaft Les Salles-sur-Verdon, die kurz vor der Flutung des Tals vollständig zerstört und an anderer Stelle neu aufgebaut wurde. Heute ist sie eine der jüngsten Gemeinden Frankreichs.<br />
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Seit dem 7. Mai 1990 ist die Schlucht offizielles Naturschutzgebiet.<br />
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Am 10. Juli 2006 beschloss der Conseil d’État, dass die geplante 400.000-Volt-Hochspannungsleitung der Électricité de France durch den Canyon nicht gebaut werden dürfe. Damit endete ein über 23 Jahre andauernder Kampf verschiedener Umwelt- und Naturschutzorganisation, die sich für den Erhalt der ursprünglichen Schlucht einsetzen.<br />
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1905: Erste vollständige Durchquerung der Schlucht durch den Speläologen Martel<br />
1929: Grundsteinlegung des Castillon-Staudamms<br />
1932: Unterbrechung der Bauarbeiten<br />
1936: Ein Brand beschädigt den Staudamm<br />
1948: Fertigstellung des Castillon-Staudamms<br />
1951: Fertigstellung des Chaudanne-Staudamms<br />
1960: Fertigstellung des Esparron-Gréoux-Staudamms<br />
1973: Flutung des Sainte-Croix-Stausees<br />
1973: Wiederaufbau der gefluteten Ortschaft Les Salles-sur-Verdon etwa 400 m entfernt<br />
1974: Beginn der Stromproduktion des Wasserkraftwerks in Sainte-Croix<br />
1975: Flutung des Quinson-Stausees<br />
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Aktivitäten<br />
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Auf dem Wasser<br />
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Teilweise lässt sich die Verdonschlucht mit Wildwasser-Kajaks befahren, im Unterlauf am Lac de Sainte-Croix auch mit größeren Booten. Der Wasserabfluss der oberen Stauseen ist zumindest während der Hauptreisezeit Juli und August einheitlich festgelegt. Um den Wassersport wie Wildwasserschwimmen, Rafting etc. zu unterstützen, wird an zwei Tagen der Woche (meist dienstags und freitags) mehr Wasser abgelassen. Der Abfluss beträgt dann 10–16 Kubikmeter Wasser pro Sekunde, an den anderen Tagen ca. 0,5 Kubikmeter Wasser pro Sekunde. Es existiert eine Hotline zur Information über aktuelle Wasserstände. In der Vor- und Nachsaison hingegen wird deutlich unregelmäßiger Wasser abgelassen, in manchen Jahren wochenlang bis zu 40 Kubikmeter pro Sekunde, in anderen wochenlang nur 0,5 Kubikmeter pro Sekunde. Bei Wassermengen über 2 bis 3 Kubikmeter wird im Wildwasserschwimmen Ungeübten vom Baden in der Strömung abgeraten. Durch unberechenbare Hindernisse wie Siphone, Unterspülungen und Holzverblockungen besteht dann Lebensgefahr.<br />
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Wandern<br />
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Das Wandern in den unzugänglicheren Regionen der Schlucht ist beliebt und gilt als ungefährlich. Die bekannteste Wander-Route durch den Verdon-Canyon beginnt und endet in der Mitte des Canyons an einem Aussichtspunkt, von dem es relativ steil über Serpentinen bergab geht. Sie führt entlang des Sentier Martel (benannt nach dem Erstdurchquerer Martel). Der Abstieg beginnt von der Route de Crête, am Vereinshaus La Maline. Unten am Fluss angelangt sollte man sich an der dortigen Weggabelung nach Norden halten und dort zügig dem Wegverlauf stromaufwärts folgen. Im Verlauf der fast sechsstündigen Wanderung – ohne Möglichkeit eines Zwischenausstieges – führt der Wanderweg beständig bergauf-bergab und über einige künstlich angelegte Leitern und Treppen abwärts. Eine davon (Brèche Imbert) ist recht steil und führt über 252 Stufen von einem Aussichtspunkt hinunter. Kurz vor Ende der Route führt der Weg durch zwei hintereinander liegende Tunnel, die als einzige Möglichkeit weiterführen. Hier sollte ursprünglich der Fluss komplett umgeleitet werden, doch das Projekt wurde nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg aufgegeben. Die Länge des ersten Tunnels beträgt 110 m, die des zweiten 657 m.<br />
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Insgesamt ist für diese Bergwanderung mit etwa fünf bis sechs Stunden reiner Gehzeit zu rechnen. Am End- bzw. Ausgangspunkt Point Sublime im Norden befindet sich ein weiterer Parkplatz. Für die Rückfahrt zum Ausgangspunkt besteht die Möglichkeit, ein Schluchtentaxi oder einen allerdings selten verkehrenden Linienbus zu benutzen.<br />
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Klettern<br />
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Die Verdonschlucht war in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren eines der bedeutendsten Klettergebiete. In den 1970er Jahren wurden zahlreiche ausgesetzte technische Linien erstbegangen, in den 1980er Jahren gelang dann Kletterern wie Patrick Berhault und Patrick Edlinger die freie Begehung vieler dieser Routen. Auch heute wird in dem Gebiet noch intensiv geklettert.<br />
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Weitere Aktivitäten<br />
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Auf der Ringstraße um den Verdon-Canyon sind immer wieder Aussichtspunkte zur Schlucht hin, aber auch auf die Lavendel-Felder, für die die Region berühmt ist, angelegt. Über der Schlucht kreisen häufig Paraglider, Drachen und Segelflieger, wenn das Wetter dies zulässt. Die Pont de l’Artuby wird sehr stark von Bungee-Jumpern frequentiert. Ebenso ist die Schlucht mit ihren Pässen Ziel vieler Motorradfahrer.<br />
<br />
(Wikipedia)</p>
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